
Hepcidin Upregulation in Lung Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Target Associated With Immune Infiltration
在本研究中,作者分析了Hepcidin基因可作为肺癌患者治疗的潜在靶标,并分析该分与免疫浸润的相关性
发表杂志:Frontiers in Immunology
影响因子:7.624
研究背景
肿瘤可以依靠重编程铁代谢来获得生长和转移优势,铁代谢上调被认为是肿瘤的重要特征之一。以铁代谢途径为靶向的肿瘤化学生物方法选择性抑制肿瘤的潜在机制尚不清楚。作者通过评价铁代谢中发挥重要调节作用的Hepcidin分子在肺癌中的预后,免疫浸润等价值来阐述铁代谢在肺癌治疗的远景
流程图
三、结果解读
1. Hepcidin在肺癌患者呈高表达趋势
作者首先选用Tumor Immune Estimation Resource(TIMER) 数据库进行探索Hepcidin的表达情况()。
如图所示,在BRCA,COAD,ESCA,HNSC,KICH,KIRP,LUAD, LUSC,STAD较正常对照样本为高表达。
作者继续使用GEPIA数据库,UALCAN数据库,比较LUAD 和LUSC与正常样本之间Hepcidin的表达差异(B/C)。
作者同时下载TCGA的肺癌数据,对Hepcidin基因进行表达差异分析,非配对差异分析结果显示Hepcidin在肺癌中显著高表达(D)。配对差异分析显示Hepcidin在肺癌中显著高表达(E)。
作者采用免疫组化验证了肺癌组织中Hepcidin明显较正常肺组织中高表达(A/B)。作者的肺癌细胞系进行qPCR结果同上(C)。
图 1 | Expression of hepcidin in lung cancer. (A) Hepcidin expression in different types of cancer was investigated with the TIMER database. (B) Increased or decreased expression of hepcidin in lung cancer compared to normal tissues in the GEPIA database. (C) Hepcidin expression in lung cancer was examined by using the UALCAN database. (D) Analysis of hepcidin expression in lung cancer and adjacent normal tissues in the TCGA database. (E) TCGA database and statistical analyses of hepcidin expression in 58 pairs of LUAD tissues and adjacent normal tissues and 50 pairs of LUSC tissues and adjacent normal tissues, respectively. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.
图 2 | Protein expression of hepcidin in lung cancer patients. (A) Immunohistochemical staining of hepcidin was performed in lung cancer and normal lung tissues. Representative images are shown. Scare bars, 50 mM. (B) The staining was quantified, as shown. The dot plot depicts the means and standard deviation of 10 images of lung cancer patient tissues and normal lung tissues. (C) Hepcidin expression in three different cell lines was examined by real-time PCR. The mean ±
s.d. is shown. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with the post hoc Tukey test. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
2. Hepcidin的表达情况与肺癌患者的临床相关性
根据性别分组比较,男性肺癌的Hepcidin表达情况明显高于女性(A)。根据临床分期比较,Hepcidin在肺癌的不同临床分期中,表达量存在差异(B)。根据肿瘤分期,Hepcidin在肺癌的N0,N1期,表达量存在差异(C)。根据TP53突变情况,发现Hepcidin在TP53-WT和TP-53-wild中,表达量均高于正常肺组织。不同年龄阶段的肺癌患者,Hepcidin的表达量也存在差异。
图 3 | Box plots evaluating hepcidin expression among different groups of patients based on clinical parameters using the UALCAN database. Analysis is shown for sex (A), cancer stage (B), and metastasis (C). N0: no regional lymph node metastasis; N1: metastases in 1 to 3 axillary lymph nodes; N2: metastases in 4 to 9 axillary lymph nodes; N3: metastases in 10 or more axillary lymph nodes. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
3. Hepcidin高表达与肺癌患者的预后分析
Kaplan-Meier plotter数据库的结果显示,Hepcidin高表达的肺癌患者的OS,PFS较差(A)。作者进一步在PrognoScan数据库进行了分析,在GSE31210,GSE4573两个数据集中, Hepcidin高表达的肺癌患者的OS,PFS较差(B)。
图 4 | Survival curve evaluating the prognostic value of hepcidin. (A) Survival curves using the Kaplan-Meier plotter are shown for OS, PFS and PPS.(B) Survival curves using the PrognoScan database are shown for OS and RFS
4.基于不同临床特征验证Hepcidin在肺癌中的预后价值
作者根据Hepcidin表达量,选取高表达的肺癌患者,合并临床表型矩阵,进行回归分析,绘制森林图。结果显示,性别,肿瘤分期,吸烟史,AJCC分期,肿瘤切缘,化疗史均与患者预后相关(C)。
(C) A forest plot shows the correlation between hepcidin expression and clinicopathological parameters in LUAD and LUSC patients. Fan et al. Hepcidin and Lung Cancer Frontiers
5. 分析与hepcidin相关的基因,hepcidin的突变信息
作者通过GeneMania,预测hepcidin互作基因,并建立交互网络(A)。功能分析,显示互作基因主要参与急性炎症反应。蛋白之间互作关系,作者选用STRING数据库进行分析(B)。基于TCGA肺癌表达数据,进行铁代谢相关基因的与hepcidin相关性的分析(C/D)。hepcidin突变分析,作者选用cBioPortal数据库,展示肺癌数据集中hepcidin突变信息。
| (A) The gene-gene interaction network of hepcidin was constructed using GeneMania. (B) The PPI network of hepcidin was generated using STRING. (C, D) A heat map shows the correlations between hepcidin and iron metabolism-related genes in LUAD and LUSC, respectively. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
6. hepcidin基因富集分析和hepcidin共表达基因分析
基于TCGA数据库,与hepcidin基因正负表达相关性最强的前50个基因被选出(A,B)。作者选取与hepcidin正相关的钱300个基因,进行KEGG,GO富集分析,展示hepcidin涉及的通路和生物学功能。显著相关的BP,KEGG展示于D,F。
图 6 | GO and KEGG enrichment analysis for hepcidin. (A) Heat maps showing the top 50 genes positively correlated with hepcidin in LUAD. (B) Heat maps showing the top 50 genes positively correlated with hepcidin in LUSC. (C) Top 20 enrichment terms in BP categories in LUAD. (D) Top 20 enrichment terms in BP categories in LUSC. (E) Top 20 KEGG enrichment pathways in LUAD. (F) Top 20 KEGG enrichment pathways in LUSC.
7. hepcidin基因的免疫浸润分析
结果显示hepcidin基因的表达与B cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells 浸润水平显著相关(A)。作者进一步分析了肿瘤微环境与hepcidin基因的关系,作者采用CIBERSORT分析补充上述结果(B)。
8. Hepcidin基因和免疫标记的关系
作者在TIMER 数据库,注意分析了Hepcidin和免疫细胞标记分子之间的联系,总结成表格(表1)。
9. 通过分析Hepcidin基因与免疫细胞浸润水平,评估Hepcidin基因在肺癌的预后价值
作者通过KM-Ploter数据库,逐一分析了免疫细胞浸润亚组与肺癌患者预后的关系。结果显示B cells, CD4+ memory T cells数量的减少与肺癌患者预后差相关(A,B)。
| Kaplan-Meier survival curves according to high and low expression of hepcidin in immune cell subgroups in lung cancer. (A) A forest plot shows the prognostic value of hepcidin expression according to different immune cell subgroups in LUSC patients. (B) Correlations between hepcidin expression and OS in different immune cell subgroups in LUSC patients were estimated by Kaplan-Meier plotter.
四、小结
在这片文章中,作者基于在线数据库,探索hepcidin基因在肺癌的预后价值。多个在线数据库,利用TCGA,GEO的数据分析了hepcidin的表达与肺癌患者的预后存在相关性。其次探讨肺癌患者免疫浸润水平与hepcidin表达的关系。作者基于KMploter数据库,进行亚组预后分析,不同的免疫细胞水平变化同样存在不同预后信息。富集分析确定了hepcidin相关基因参与的生物学过程。这项研究表明了hepcidin基因的表达与肺癌患者的预后有着密切联系,并且与肿瘤获得免疫浸润有着紧密的联系。
参考文献:
1. Fan Y , Liu B , Chen F , et al. Hepcidin Upregulation in Lung Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Target Associated With Immune Infiltration[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2021, 12:612144.